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CANTONESE FOUNDATIONS

How to read Jyutping for Cantonese pronunciation

Jyutping writes Cantonese sounds with letters and a plain number from 1 to 6 after each syllable. It helps you revisit a phrase you have heard, even when you cannot yet read every Chinese character.

See the syllables in a complete phrase

In 你好, nei5 is the first syllable and hou2 is the second. The space separates them, and the digits mark their tones: you do not pronounce the English words “five” and “two.” Play the whole greeting, then follow nei5 and hou2 from left to right.

Compare 早晨, written zou2 san4. Both phrases have two syllables, but their letters and tone numbers differ. This lets you check what you heard without inventing an English sound-alike spelling.

Notice the beginning and ending sounds

The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong describes Jyutping syllables using a beginning sound, a vowel, an optional ending sound, and a tone. In 聽日見 (ting1 jat6 gin3), the endings -ng, -t, and -n are different. Play the full “see you tomorrow” recording and look at those three endings as you listen.

The letters follow Jyutping's own spelling rules, so an English spelling guess may point you to the wrong sound. The Society's scheme lists the possible beginnings and endings; use the recorded phrase for the sound, then use the written syllables to find your place again.

Recognise a syllable with no vowel

唔該 is written m4 goi1. The first syllable, m4, is not missing a vowel by mistake: Jyutping allows a syllabic m sound. Listen to the complete recording before trying to repeat the two syllables.

The Society places tone numbers at the end as ordinary digits, such as m4 and goi1. Keep them attached when you write the phrase down. Play once without reading, look at the spelling, then replay to check what you heard.

Further reading